Posts Tagged Responsible tourism in Peru

Talking the South American Lingo

All countries antalkd cultures have their conversational idiosyncrasies, the culturally approved dos and don’ts of people speaking together. Countries with a common heritage, such as the Hispanic countries of South America share some common traditions, but each has its specific customs.

As an example, many South Americans like to talk in close proximity to each other. To North Americans, and others, this may seem like an invasion of personal space, but to Latin Americans, it’s the norm. Stepping back, an unconscious gesture to reclaim that space is seen as a rebuff, a rudeness, whilst keeping eye contact while speaking is an asset.

Latin Americans are also more effusive, flowery and more formal in their speech. While other nationalities pride themselves on being bluntly honest, a South American tends to be more diplomatic and tactful. The honorific Don or Doña, used with the first name in a friendly or family relationship, or with the surname, is a token of respect. Even though informality in conversation is more common now, particularly among younger people, it’s still worthwhile to maintain a polite distance until you are better acquainted.

Some specific tips:talk 2

  • Argentineans aren’t thrilled to discuss the Peron years and past human rights issues. They are also sensitive to the Falklands War, and call the islands the Islas Malvinas
  • Bolivians are sensitive to the loss of territory to Chile.
  • Brazilians are not Hispanic. They are proud of their Portuguese heritage. They are also exuberant, talkative, but sensitive to discussions about the rainforest destruction. Marital status is not a good conversational topic.
  • Chileans love to talk about their country, but avoid politics and the Allende/Pinochet years. Human rights are an ultra-sensitive topic.
  • Colombians like bullfighting, so negative comments aren’t welcome. Don’t discuss drugs, political situations, or terrorist activity. Interest in emeralds and coffee are welcome.
  • Ecuadorians like to talk about their families and their jobs. Discuss their country in favourable terms, but avoid politics, sexual or personal topics.
  • Paraguayans are tremendously proud of their hydroelectric dams. Discuss family. sports, touring, but avoid any political talk. Conflict between the liberales and the colorados is still tense.
  • Peruvians enjoy talking about families and jobs. They’ll ask about your country, and welcome discussions of their own, but avoid politics, money and government.
  • Uruguayans enjoy talking about their country – what to see and do, where to eat – but are more reticent about personal matters. You can discuss international politics.
  • Venezuelans are sensitive about politics, government and family matters. If you are asked, be prepared to discuss the economy.

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Chullpas of Sillustani – Peru

The chullpas, an Andean mausoleum, stand out in the horizon at the archaeological site of Sillustani. These funerary constructions constantly remind visitors of the respect that the leaders of the ancient Andean civilizations awoke. They are located near Lake Titicaca and are a must on a highlights of Peru tour.

This cemetery in the Highlands not only contrasts the world of the living with the world of the dead, but it also is a tribute that revives the hegemonic class of cultures like Pucara, Colla, Tiahuanaco and Inca from centuries ago.

Lake Umayo adorns the entrance to the archaeological site. While walking along the path that leads to Sillustani, you will notice the importance of water within the pre-Hispanic cultural activities.

The cultivating system organized in successive plots of land and water (the latter of about 25 to 30 centimeters deep) is worth noting.

Sillustani

Sillustani

You can also see small handmade stone channels of stone, which go from the shore of the lake to the top of the mountain where the cemetery is located. Know that these aqueducts had basically two functions: preventing stagnation of water in the upper parts to prevent damage to the shrines of the leaders and also serving as a channel for the blood of the sacrifices to reach the Umayo Lake.

Higher up it is possible to see what remains of a ceremonial spot in Sillustani. It consists of two circles: the larger one represents the sun and the smaller one, the moon. The solstices, for example, were ideal dates, due to their energy, to make payments to Earth.

An icon that goes unnoticed along the way are some standing stones about 1.70 meters tall, rectangular and about 35 centimeters thick. According to Julio Suaña, Titilaka hotel guide, “these had the religious significance that has the cross in Catholicism has today.”


The Towers
When traveling Sillustani several questions arise: did those that lie within the highest and most imposing chullpas occupy the most important posts? Not necessarily.

As Suaña says, the whole place is sacred because it is occupied by the nobility of several pre-Inca and Inca cultures. Whether the stone tower that served as the tombstone was located higher or lower was not a significant factor, because what was important was that they were facing the sun and the lake.

However, the so-called Twin Towers prove that there was some hierarchy. In both cases, the stones that were placed at the entrance of the chullpa have twelve angles, which, according to Suaña, “represent the twelve months of the year and the number of important families in the area.”

Another one of the chullpas that is most recognized is that of the lizard, which is twelve meters high. It is named like that due to the reptile image that is engraved on the top.

Also pay attention to the rocks with small circular excavations in the interior. These highlight the gear method used by the Incas to build the most modern chullpas (smooth texture on the outside) in Sillustani.

Once on top, do not miss the breathtaking view of the Hualloc Plateau, surrounded by the Umayo and the typical landscapes of the Altiplano which runs from Cusco to Puno.

At the exit you should pay attention to the puma-shaped rocks that guard either side of the stairs to the cemetery (that used to be the entrance).

After the Lake Titicaca tour take the opportunity to buy souvenirs such as Andean knit hats or sweaters in the various crafts stands, visit the site museum or have something hot in the simple little café, located just outside the archaeological center.

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Huancayo – The Lesser Known Side of Peru

Huancayo is located in the central highlands of Peru, in the gorgeous Mantaro valley. It’s not a touristy place and I’ve already been there, so why going back? Well, I wanted to ride the second highest train in the world, a journey with amazing landscapes and the feeling you are on top of the world. Also I wanted to explore the city and surroundings and discovered it is a must on a tour of Peru.

Main Plaza of Huancayo

Main Plaza of Huancayo

We left at seven in the morning, going east and then up to the mountains. The air was getting drier, which indicated we were getting higher. The landscape was changing too, taller mountains, beautiful blue sky and different vegetation. At the beginning some bushes and trees, later fields (corn, artichokes, among others) and at the highest point just the ichu (the only plant that can survive that high), but while going down to the valley lovely flowers were welcoming the visitors. Along the way there were 69 tunnels, 58 bridges and six zig-zags. Almost seven hours after departure, we reached the highest point: 4,800 meters! It was cold and hard to breathe. After that point, it was down the whole way to Huancayo, which is at 3,200 meters. It was almost 7:30 p.m. when we finally arrived on our first stop for  a highlights of Peru Tour.

Huancayo has grown a lot the past decades. In the 1980s it had 200,000 inhabitants — now the population is more than 450,000 and the first building I saw was a modern mall!

The first night was about settling down and taking things easy, because of the altitude. It was raining and a bit cold but that didn’t stop me. I walked to the main square Plaza Constitución, which was a lit up with yellow and warm lights that made me forget about how cold it was. Next stop was a recommended restaurant. This restaurant was one of the most expensive in town, but not expensive at all compared to the ones in Lima. I had a cup of warm coca leaf tea, so helpful for the headache caused by the altitude sickness and used everywhere in Peru, especially those heading to Cusco for a Machu Picchu Tour. It was Friday night and the streets were crowded with young people. I was impressed with the traffic, several minibuses and many taxis. All the taxis have a flat rate, so you don’t need to bargain like in Lima.

The next day started early with a good breakfast at a nice café, where prices are half of  what you would pay in Lima. The first stop was a hill outside the city Cerrito La Libertad, where you can get a nice view of the whole city and the lovely valley. Another recommended site was Torre Torre an impressive sandstone formation, just a 10-minute walk from the hill. This visit was about seeing charming adobe houses, small fields of potatoes, some dogs running and local residents enjoying a quiet day.

There was still plenty of time, so I went to Jauja, a small town nearby with some ruins and a lake with a famous trout farm. Jauja is pretty, therefore the Spanish chose it as the first capital of Peru. I didn’t climb all the way to the ruins. It was getting cloudier at the top of the mountain. Nevertheless, I walked for a while along the path. I saw a couple of farmers and their families working. The scenery was gorgeous. It was really peaceful there.

Back in Huancayo, I decided to explore the city itself. The main square definitely looked different during daytime. I think I preferred it at night. I also visited the Parque de la Identidad Huanca, a relatively new park, built in honor of local Huanca people. I even had time to go to the handicraft market. A tip: be ready to bargain. At night, I went to listen to some live music and see traditional dances. It was time to go back to the hotel. I wanted to wake up early next morning and visit the market. One of the things I recently learned is that visiting an open market is the best way to get to know a place better. The market is a place where you can really interact with the local people.

It was Sunday, the best day for visiting the market. On my way I could see street vendors offering all kind of food: sweets, salty snacks, quail eggs, soup, pork sandwiches etc.

Finally, I arrived at the central building. Since there are not many tourists visiting the market, taking pictures is

Markets

Markets

welcomed, but be careful with your camera. It was an eclectic mix of colorful flowers, fruits, vegetables, tongues, hearts and tripe. I like to watch people and this was the right place to do it. All the people were friendly.

Well, it was time to go to the bus station. The bus was cheaper than the train and the trip takes five hours less. Huancayo is not far away from Lima, therefore it’s a good choice for a weekend getaway on a Lima city tour and to leave behind the busy city and go somewhere peaceful in the Andes. There are two beautiful towns really close: Tarma and Jauja, plus the lovely valley. My advice is to go there by train, yes it’s more expensive, but worth it. As somebody said: “Life is a journey and not a destination.”

Chimu Adventures offers custom tours to Huancayo and a highlights of Peru tour, visit our website for more details.

The second highest train in the world took me to Huancayo, Peru.

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Uros Islands – Lake Titicaca

Removed from political turmoil, Lake Titicaca provides with an undisturbed bubble of bliss. Along with hypnotising cobalt blue skies, ancient rituals and a damn fine fiesta to boot.

Historically, Titicaca has offered such sanctuary. In the 15th century, the Incan Empire swept south to conquer what is now Peru and Bolivia, enslaving indigenous tribes in subjugated territories. Straddling the border between the two countries, Titicaca was a strategic fulcrum. But the Uros Indians rebelled against the Incan regime. They took to the water and created a series of islands built upon beds of packed reeds. The world’s first man-made archipelago! To this day, the islands survive, as do their resilient Indian custodians. The Incas simply couldn’t be bothered flushing out the refugees.

The islands are named after their creators: Los Uros, “the Floating Islands” and are a must see on a Lake Titicaca tour. The inhabitants eke out a livelihood from fishing and tourism: upon touching shore, a cavalcade of indigenous women appear in gloriously vibrant garments and pelt-brown bowler hats, peddling local handicrafts on colourful mats.

Stepping onto this “terra non-firma” is an acutely bizarre experience. Like walking on a futon, the ground beneath you sinks slightly with each step. Each week packs of new reeds are sewn onto the ground to replace those submerged and disintegrating underneath.

Abruptly, we’re whisked away aboard one of Uros’s trademark reed boats; made of the same tortora reeds that constitute the islands’ foundations, roofs and walls of its dwellings. Our oarsman is a traditionally-clad local who looks straight out of an Andean pipe quartet. After the obligatory photo opportunities, we hop back into our motorcraft. Destination: Amantani. Accommodation: Titicaca farmhouse.

Amantani is the largest of Titicaca’s natural, non-floating islands, and home to some 5000 Aymara Indians. The inhabitants have proudly maintained their cultural distinction and autonomous control over tourism. No Hyatts or Mercures here: the only accommodation is a traditional Amantani farming homestead.

We dock on the foreshore and are met by a throng of farm women. One by one, our tour group is paired off, as our prospective hosts giggle among themselves. We locate our landlady, who promptly disappears up the island’s steep hills, forcing us to follow.

At 3870 metres above sea level, Titicaca is the world’s highest navigable lake. Clambering up Amantani’s precipitous ridges, one feels every wisp of diminishing oxygen. Each step is a breathless endeavour, mollified only by the area’s stunning natural beauty and the perfect symmetry of surrounding agricultural terraces. Even today, the ancient Incan systems of agriculture and stonemasonry are proudly preserved.

Our homestead is a basic whitewashed building, with chest-high doorways. Luckily we’re hardly Harlem Globetrotter-height, yet somehow we feel like Gandalf crouching down in a hobbit hovel.

Amantani residents are vegetarian, since raising animals for meat is impractical. Host families are paid a nominal fee by tour agents, but you’re recommended to bring a gift of rice, flour, sugar or other basic necessities.

In return we’re treated to a delightful spread of quinua soup (a Peruvian grain), rice, chips, eggs, and delicious herbal tea. I attempt to make small-talk with our matronly host, but she ducks out giggling. My fiancee notes that she may not speak Spanish, as Aymara Indians are self-sufficient and isolated.

We rejoin the Peru tour group and trek to Amantani’s crest, and the twin temples of Patchamama (Mother Earth) and Patchatata (Father Earth). Set on opposite hills, the ruins are guardians of the respective gods of fertility and the afterlife. In February, the islanders run a race between them, to determine how fortunes will fall for the forthcoming harvest.

Floating Islands of Uros - Lake Titicaca

Floating Islands of Uros - Lake Titicaca

We climb to the Patchamama temple, where we customarily orbit the shrine three times: for luck, health and a bountiful crop. As if responding, the gods bless us with the most dazzling sunset over the frosty currents of Titicaca. The moment is profoundly spiritual, or would have been, were it not for the torturous strains of pan-pipes played by children, busking for donations.

That night, a pea (dance) is organised for our group. The sole requirement is that we attend in local costume. The male uniform is a simple woollen poncho and woven beanie, while the women’s is a complex tangle of multilayered skirting that takes 30 minutes to don and transforms the most shapely female figure into a pepperpot.

A traditional Andean band entertains us in the village community hall. The Aymara women pluck out tourists for a strange circular dance in which participants drag each other violently in opposing directions. The women are surprisingly strong, and cackle at what pushovers we Western males are.

The true survivors of the night, however, are the local six-year-old girls. They select their favourite tourist partners, whom they thoroughly exhaust with an incessant display of youthful energy and curious skirt twirling.

While our stamina fades, our smiles do not. Titicaca and Amantani stamp us with a carefree happiness that, unlike de Botton’s ephemeral 10-minute joy, lasts the entire tour and beyond.

Chimu Adventures offers a Lake Titicaca Dreaming tour as well as a highlights of Peru tour including the great lake. Visit our website for more details.

Source: SMH

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The Inca Trail – The Authentic Way to Reach Machu Picchu

Our Inca trail group!

Our Inca trail group!

Alot has been written and said about the Inca trail in recent years but the only real way to see what the hype is all about is to experience it yourself first hand. It can be a little bit challenging and sometimes you will wish you had taken the train like thousands of other people to reach Machu Picchu. For me however, the experience and the reward at the end more than made up for the difficulties on the classic four day trek.

Day 1: Cusco and a Relatively Easy Warm-Up Day

Early in the morning the guide collected us from the hotel in Cusco and transported us to Km 82 where it was time for everyone in the group to meet and have the picture taken under the famous ´Camino Inca´ sign. Then it was time to take the first steps of the Inca trail on the path to Machu Picchu. The first day’s walk was quite easy and the views were spectacular including the the snow-peaked Veronica Mountain and the bustling Vilcanota River.

After a hearty lunch (a common theme of the trek as the food was excellent) we made it to the first Inca ruins of Patallacta where the guide began to delve into the fascinating Inca culture.

After re-energising, we began the steady climb to Huayllabamba, where our friendly team of porters had our tents already set up and a cup of tea and popcorn waiting, just what the doctor ordered!

Day 2: The Hardest Day on the Inca Trail

After a great omlette breakfast and our introduction to the team of portsers, the hardest part of the trail was to begin. I had heard about this day and was a little bit worries about the altitude but was also very excited by the challenge.

The trek started with a steady climb up to the first meeting point about an hour away. The sun was shining which made for amazing views and scenerary but not the greatest of trekking conditions. After the first stop, things got a little more interesting as the trail became steeper and steeper. The sweat and toil was pouring out of every trekker on the trail as we all yearned to reach Warmiwañusca (Dead Woman’s Pass), at some 4200m (13,800ft) above sea level. The trail just seemed to keep going and goig however and there was no end in sight as the muscles in my legs began to feel the impact of every step harder and harder.

Finally after struggling up another steep hill I could see the top of the pass and the target was in my sights. I was re-vitalised and began to power on towards the top getting closer and closer. As I reached the top I, and many others were greeted with the applause and cheers of those trekkers who had already made it. There was a great sense of comradery and achievement from all groups doing the Inca Trail for reaching this milestone. Just to cap it off, the incredible, panoramic views of the mountains and landscape were more than worth it.

After a deserved rest it was time to descend with to our camp where the porters had again already set up our home for the night and it was time to relax and reflect on the most challenging but rewarding days of the Inca trail.

Day 3: Onward to Machu Picchu

After yesterdays exhausting day I thought this day would be a little easier but little did I know the trail started straight away with an ascent will begin to the second highest pass on the Trail, at more than 3900m above sea level. The views along the way were, once again, unbelievable and certainly makes any pain felt in the muscles very worth while. On the way up, we enjoy a guided visit to the Archaeological Complex of Runkurukay and, on the way down, the Inca Citadel of Sayacmarca before reaching our last camp where a deserved hot shower and beer was waiting. Never had a beer tasted so good! It was time for one last dinner in the camp and to thank the porters for the job they have done before getting to bed early in anticipation of tomorrow’s visit to Machu Picchu!

Day 4: Machu Picchu – Cusco

After a very early breakfast, we started the sacred walk through high rainforest to Inti Punku (Gateway of the Sun), the well-known entrance to Machu Picchu, with its unparallelled panoramic view of the Inca Citadel. Unfortunately for us the weather was not our friend this day and we could not see a thing through the thick mist. However, this made the first views of Machu Picchu very mystical with the fog lifting to make some great photo opportunities.

Machu Picchu itself also didn’t disappoint, in fact its hard to see how anyone could not be impressed by this famous Inca city. I was in awe at the sheer size of the ruins and the pristine condition it is in, which given the climate, is a miracle in itself. We then had a fascinating guided tour of the ruins and monuments, such as the Main Square, the Circular Tower and the Sacred Solar Clock. After free time it was then time to go to the town of Aguas Calientes to have lunch and a dip in the hot springs. Then we said goodbye to our wonderful tour guide and took the train back to Cusco after quite a journey.

Overall the Inca Trail is one of the must-do adventures in South America and even the world. The amazing views, fascinating history, pristine ruins and the physical challenge make it four days you will certainly remember for a long long time.

To find out more about the Inca Trail click here for further information.

Or alternatively to find out about the alternative trails or the train trip to Machu Picchu .

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Chimu Adventures and the local community

At Chimu Adventures we really pride ourselves on working with the local community. As a small company we are extremely flexible and work with communities in many different ways. This is highlighted by some of the travel industries most respected names working with us – names such as responsibletravel.com, infohub.com to the South American explorers club. We were also finalists in the Telstra Business Awards 2008 (a leading Australian award for businesses) due to our sustainable operations and commitment to the local communities in which we operate. A tour with Chimu adventures will give back, and you will make a difference! See our website for more information on our tours.

Chimu and the Environment

We really work hard to keep all our operations green! We are attempting to run all our worldwide offices currently on green energy (we are working towards 100%) from hydro electric, wind to solar power. The remainder of our company emissions are offset so that our operations are completely carbon neutral. Being web based, we are close to becoming a paperless environment, brochure prints are at a minimum (and printed on a requirement basis) and all pre departure information is emailed. We use energy saving bulbs in our work centres, and recycle all our waste. Staff are encouraged to ride a bike or take public transport to work, and Chimu Adventures pays for half of the cost of a bicycle purchase for staff.

Recently we have also started an initiave to plant a tree in Peru and Bolivia for each and every client travelling to these wonderful countries. So booking with is like your making your very own contribution to the environment!
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